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I spent a long time studying the anatomy of this ship and other books on rigging...
But I repeat! The drawings and diagrams are a work in progress and are not a finished product. By the time of publication, I had already made many revisions. Therefore, all the completed drawings and diagrams will be available only at the end of construction!
Here is an example of what the first two sketches look like, which are done at a scale of 1:48! A0 format (841 x 1189 mm).
Below are diagrams of the rigging and sails. I've also recalculated all the rope and cable diameters at 1:48 scale. When I work on the rigging on the model, I'll check and make any changes to this guide. Ultimately, I hope to create the most comprehensive guide to rigging English cutters of the period (at least, that's what I hope).
Update: The first version has been removed and replaced with the second one.
2.0 version of my rigging guide for the cutter Alert 1777.
Previously, I wrote that I used many rigging books (listed above), about
15 volumes of Ship Anatomies from that period, and used 2 artificial
intelligences to cross-check the data. This took more than 80 hours of
work, I hope you appreciate it...
What was done:
- Several rigging nodes were drastically changed, as a cutter is a unique vessel and it is not enough to simply take the forward rigging from a 3-masted ship ahead of the foremast and connect it with the aft rigging abaft the mizenmast—it doesn't work that way here! Plus, everything is complicated by the fact that this cutter does not have proper bulwarks with pinrails, making everything even more difficult. One could, of course, not bother and just wing it, but I decided to dig out the truth, and I hope I succeeded.
- Anatomy errors were corrected, of which there are quite a few, but most importantly...
- Many nodes omitted in the Anatomy were added, without which no vessel can function. Among the most significant:
- Spreadyard lifts (topenants), without which the entire structure simply could not be horizontally stable.
- Heavy burton pendants were added (as every vessel needed to load items into the hold or handle the ship's boat).
- Indicated which rigging was served/wormed and what kind of seizing was used where.
- Dead connections were replaced in places where they should be quick-release setups—which is practically everywhere, since this is a cutter.
- Indicated how the sails were bent and how the running ends of the entire rigging were led (which is completely absent in the Anatomy).
- Added the mainsail reef tackle system, which no cutter could do without.
- Indicated how the gaff blocks were rigged so as not to interfere with housing the topgallant mast.
- Provided alternative options for rigging and joining nodes (you can choose).
- Added a shroud pinrail on the shrouds and described its appearance.
- Detailed the sail corners, connections, and how they were bent to the yards.
- Detailed the working principle of the anchor gear and added rigging for securing the ship's boat.
- Added footropes on the spreadyard, as it was from there that the square sail was reefed.
- Added the flying sail traveler system on the spreadyard and detailed its mechanism.
- Calculated the diameters of every single rigging rope and cable.
- Updated the belaying plan for the running ends of all rigging... and much more.
- Made text annotations to explain the nodes.
- At the end of the post, I provided a definition for each rigging term to make it easier to understand what line was responsible for what.
You can also download all the diagrams via a direct link from Google Drive. Rigging Alert 1777 by Serikoff
Please note: I could be wrong, so I'm not asking anyone to take my word for it. I'm simply sharing all the information I've gathered bit by bit and showing how I'll be doing it. Since the rigging is still a long way off, changes may be made along the way. At the very end, after I've completed all the rigging on my model, I'll post the final version.
Main stay (Fore stay)
- Lanyard - The primary heavy rope preventing the mast from falling aft. The lanyard is a thinner line reeved through deadeyes or hearts to provide powerful tension to this stay.
- Seizings - Small lines wound tightly around the turned-back end of the stay to securely bind it in place and form the eye.
- Worming - Spiraling a fine line (spunyarn) along the lay between the strands of the rope to smooth its surface before parceling and serving, protecting it from internal moisture.
- Lanyards - A redundant, auxiliary stay running parallel to the main stay to support the mast in action. It is tensioned using its own separate lanyards.
- Seizing
- Worming
- Deadeye lanyard - Heavy ropes supporting the mast from the sides to prevent lateral swaying. The deadeye lanyard is the running line laced through the three holes of a pair of deadeyes to set up and tension the shrouds.
- Seizings - Strong rope bindings that secure the shrouds at their eyes over the masthead and around the upper deadeyes.
- Ratline - Small tarred lines hitched horizontally across the shrouds at regular intervals, serving as the steps of a rope ladder for climbing aloft.
- standing end of RBs - Movable rigging supporting the mast from abaft. The standing end is the long, fixed section of the rope leading from the mast head, passing through a block, and ending in a tackle block.
- tackles falls - The running ends of the ropes reeved through the backstay tackle blocks, used by the crew to haul the weather backstay taut or ease the lee one.
- tackle - Heavy ropes securing the outboard end of the bowsprit to the vessel's bows for lateral support. The tackles allow their tension to be adjusted as the spars flex.
- Fore stay
- tackles
- A thin stay supporting the topgallant mast from forward. It leads down to the jibboom end, returns through a block toward the hull, and is tensioned via tackles.
- Backstays
- tackles
- Long, light ropes leading from the topgallant masthead down to the channels to support the spar from abaft, set up taut with small tackles.
RUNNING RIGGING
Foresail
- Foresail halyard
- tackle
- The line and blocks utilized by the crew to hoist the head (upper corner) of the foresail up along the stay.
- Foresail downhauler
- A running line secured to the head of the foresail and leading down to the deck; used to forcibly haul the sail down during heavy weather.
- Foresail sheet tackle
- A tackle system secured to the aft lower corner (clew) of the foresail to control its trim and position relative to the wind. These tackles are fixed to an iron travel-ring that slides automatically across an iron horse bolted athwartships to the deck beams.
- Foresail tack
- A line or tack-piece holding the lower forward corner (tack) of the sail firmly down near the stemhead.
Jib
- Jib halyard
- tackle
- A tackle and block system used to hoist the jib up into its working position.
- Jib sheet
- tackle
- The running line and tackles holding the clew of the jib to regulate its trim from the quarterdeck or main deck.
- Jib tack
- A short strop or line securing the lower forward corner of the jib to the movable traveler ring on the bowsprit.
- Jip travelling inhauler
- A line used to haul the traveler ring (jib traveler) back inboard toward the stem when dousing or furling the sail.
- Jip travelling outhauler
- A line passing through a sheave at the bowsprit end used to haul the traveler ring with the sail outboard along the bowsprit.
Flying jib
- Flying jib halyard
- A light running line used to hoist the head of the flying jib to the topmast head.
- Flying jib tack
- A line securing the tack of the flying jib to the outermost end of the bowsprit or jibboom.
- Flying jib sheet
- The running rigging line used to control and trim the aft clew of the flying jib.
Mainsail
- Mainsail sheet
- Rigging designed to extend the foot of the sail and adjust the belly of the mainsail along the boom.
- Mainsail reef pendants
- tackle
- Heavy lines passed through the reef points and cringles of the sail to shorten its area step by step in high winds, hauled taut via reef tackles.
- Mainsail bralls
- Four distinct lines (two on each side) used to gather and haul the aft leech of the mainsail forward to the mast when brailing up or lowering the gaff, preventing the sail from billowing out board when the gaff is dropped.
- Mainsail Gaff lacing
- A line passed through the eyelets of the head of the sail and wound spirally around the gaff to secure the sail upper edge to the spar.
Peak halyard
- tackle
- A system of ropes and blocks used to hoist, support, and adjust the outer end (peak) of the gaff at the correct angle.
- Gaff Span
- A wire or heavy rope span fitted with eyes, fixed permanently at both ends along the timber of the gaff, serving as a secure traveler or attachment point for the peak halyard blocks.
Gaff Jeers
- Heavy, powerful tackles used to vertically hoist, support, and lower the throat of the gaff at the mast.
Boom topping lift
- tackle
- A line running from the masthead down to the outboard end (nock) of the boom. It supports the weight of the boom, preventing it from crashing onto the deck when the mainsail is lowered or being reefed.
Boom sheet tackle
- Heavy lower tackles that rigidly control and secure the angle of the boom relative to the vessel's stern, preventing dangerous swinging.
Square sail
- Square sail yard tie
- A heavy rope or tye by which the square sail yard itself is suspended and hoisted up the mast.
- Square sail reef
- Lines or points used to reduce the height and area of the square sail as the wind freshens.
- Square sail sheet
- A line securing the lower aft corner of the square sail and leading inboard to the vessel's side.
- Square sail tack
- A rope hauling the lower forward corner of the square sail down and forward to keep the weather edge taut.
- Square sail bowline
- A line attached to the vertical leech of the square sail to haul it forward into the wind, preventing the weather edge from curling back.
- Squaresail lacing
- A spiral lacing line used to quickly secure the head of this temporary sail to its yard, allowing it to be easily detached and stowed below.
Topsail
- Spreadyard tie
- A tye line used for the vertical hoisting of the spreadyard up the mast.
- Spreadyard brace
- Lines attached to the yardarms to swing and wheel the yard horizontally to face the wind.
- Spreadyard lift
- Lines supporting the ends (yardarms) of the yard to keep it strictly horizontal.
- Topsail yard tie
- The tye line designed to hoist the upper topsail yard along the topmast.
- Topsail yard brace
- Running lines secured to the topsail yardarms to control its horizontal angles relative to the wind.
- Topsail sheet
- Lines that extend and sheet home the lower corners of the topsail out to the ends of the spreadyard below it.
- Topsail clewline
- Lines that haul the lower corners (clews) of the topsail up to its own yard for rapid spilling and furling.
- Topsail bowline
- Lines used to haul the weather leeches of the topsail forward when sailing close to the wind.
- Topsail truss
- A parrel or collar holding the topsail yard close to the mast, preventing it from swinging away forward.
- Footrope
- Ropes slung loosely beneath the yards for the crew to stand upon while working aloft to furl or reef the sails.
- Topsail robands
- Small braided rope-bands or yarn ties that lash the head of the topsail securely to the topsail yard.
Topgallant sail
- Topgallant tie
- tackle
- A line fitted with small tackles used to hoist the topgallant yard to the topgallant masthead.
- Topgallant sheet
- Thin lines extending the lower corners of the topgallant sail out to the yardarms of the topsail yard below it.
- Topgallant yard lacing
- A spiral lacing line for temporary attachment of the topgallant sail to its yard, allowing rapid deployment and removal.
Top rope
- A heavy, strong line used to hoist or sway up and lower the topmast through the cap and trestletrees during rigging setup or dismantling.
NECESSARY ROPES
- Cat-fall
- A heavy rope reeved through cat-blocks by which the anchor is hoisted from the water's surface up to the cathead using the windlass.
- Fish tackle pendent
- A heavy rope pendant equipped with a large iron hook, lowered from the fish davit to catch the fluke of the anchor when lifting it onto the gunwale.
- Cat-Stoppers
- Strong, secure chains or ropes (the cat-stopper for the ring and the shank-painter for the fluke) used to lash the anchor tightly to the hull for sea-going storage.
rope- The thickest, heaviest cable of the vessel, bent to the anchor ring to hold the ship fast when riding at anchor.
- Flag halliard
- Light, thin lines used to hoist flags, pennants, and signals to the masthead or gaff peak.
- Boat Gripes
- lanyards
- Wide, heavy canvas or rope lashings passed over the hull of the ship's boat. Their lanyards are laced through small deadeyes or hearts to deck rings, clamping the boat rigidly to the deck during heavy weather.
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